ABSTRACT
La enfermedad neumocócica invasiva (ENI) es causa de morbimortalidad prevenible en pediatría. Con la introducción de vacunas antineumocócicas conjugadas disminuyó la prevalencia de ENI en 61,9% en los menores de 2 años, y se produjo un cambio en la distribución de serotipos y un aumento de ENI por serotipos no vaccinales. En este contexto, es relevante la vigilancia epidemiológica de los serotipos emergentes causantes de ENI en la población. Se presentará el caso de una lactante de 11 meses con diagnóstico de meningitis causada por neumococo serotipo 38, su evolución y consecuencias clínicas, y se realiza un análisis de la situación epidemiológica actual.
In pediatrics,invasive pneumococcal disease is a preventable cause ofmorbidity andmortality.The introduction of conjugated pneumococcal vaccines has reduced the prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease by 61.9% in the under two's and has brought about a change in the distribution of serotypes and a rise in invasive pneumococcal disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes.This being the case,itis very importanttomonitorthe epidemiology ofthe emerging serotypes causing the disease in the population.We presentthe case of an 11 month old infant diagnosed with meningitis caused by serotype 38, describing his clinical course andclinical consequences; andweperforman analysis ofthepresent epidemiologica lsituation
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Pneumococcal Infections/diagnosis , Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology , Pneumococcal Infections/therapy , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Serotyping , SerogroupABSTRACT
The records of 63,406 calvings of Siboney dairy cows (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cuban Zebu) were used to estimate the components of covariance of the days open (DO). Five models were used: of repeatability; univariate; bivariate; of random regression with Legendre polynomials and the parity number as predicting variable; and a model of random regression with Legendre polynomials and heterogeneity of the residual variance. The heritability obtained with the univariate model was 0.09 in the first calving and decreased to 0.05 in the fifth. A higher estimate of heritability (0.12) was obtained with the repeatability model. When the model of random regression with heterogeneity of the residual variance was used, the heritability was higher than the values estimated with the previous models. The genetic correlations among the DO in different calvings, estimated with the models of random regression with and without heterogeneity of the residual variance, were close to 1.0. It is concluded that the estimates of heritability increased with the use of the random regression models. The genetic correlations among the DO of different calvings indicated that in the first three, the DO are regulated for the most part by the same genes.
Os registros de 63.406 partos de vacas Siboney (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cebu de Cuba) foram utilizados para estimar os componentes de (co)variância de dias vazios (DV). Utilizaram-se cinco modelos: de repetitividade; univariado; bivariado; de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e número de partos como variável preditiva; e de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e heterogeneidade da variância residual. A herdabilidade obtida com o modelo univariado foi de 0,09 no primeiro e diminuiu a 0,05 no quinto parto. Uma estimativa de herdabilidade mais alta (0,12) foi obtida com o modelo de repetitividade. Quando foi usado o modelo de regressão aleatória com heterogeneidade da variância residual a herdabilidade foi superior aos valores estimados com os modelos anteriores. As correlações genéticas entre os DV em distintos partos, estimadas com os modelos de regressão aleatória com e sem heterogeneidade da variância residual, foram próximos a 1,0. Concluiu-se que as estimativas de herdabilidade foram incrementadas com o uso dos modelos de regressão aleatória. As correlações genéticas entre os DV de diferentes partos indicaram que, nos três primeiros, os DV são regulados na sua maior proporção pelos mesmos genes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Heredity/genetics , Postpartum Period/physiology , Cattle , Genetic Variation , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Glomerular filtration rate decline (GFRd) is variable in autosomic dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In 88 ADPKD patients, GFRd was assessed by 1/S(Cr) and compared with the association to AT1A1166C (AT1R), AGTM235T (angiotensinogen) and ecNOSGlu298Asp (NO endothelial synthase) polymorphisms. Age at S(Cr) values of 2 and 6 mg/dl were assumed as beginning of progressive phase (A2) and end-stage-renal disease (A6), respectively. Polymorphisms were studied by PCR-RFLP. The group as a whole showed GFRd (ml/min/year) of 6.9+/-0.5; A2 and A6 of 48.9+/-1.3 and 55.0+/-1.4 years and mean arterial pressure of 111.2+/-1.2 mmHg. When A6 was considered, two populations were defined (< or = and > 55 years). In < or = 55 (assumed as PKD1 phenotype) (n=42), A2 and A6 of the AT1 1166CC genotype were 36.0+/-1.2 and 41.4+/-0.9 years vs AA-AC (42.8+/-1.0 and 47.5+/-0.8, p<0.001). A2 and A6 of the ecNOS298Asp/Asp genotype were 34.8+/-1.5 and 41.1+/-0.6 years vs. Glu/Glu-Glu/Asp (42.4+/-0.9 and 47.1+/-0.8, p<0.02). In AGT235TT genotype, GFRd was 12.4+/-2.2 ml/min/year vs MM-MT (7.9+/-0.7, p<0.03). This difference was also observed when all ADPKD patients were considered (TT: 11.02+/-1.5 vs. MM-MT: 6.44+/-0.5 ml/ min/year, p<0.003). AT1 1166CC and ecNOS 298Asp/Asp are associated with earlier A2 and A6 whereas AGT 235TT induce twofold increase in GFRd, suggesting that RAS and ecNOS are involved in ADPKD progression.
La velocidad de progresión (VdP) de la poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante (PQRAD) es variable.Estudiamos la asociación de los polimorfismos AGTM235T (angiotensinógeno), AT1A1166C(ATR1) y ecNOSGlu298Asp (NO sintasa endotelial) con la VdP en 88 pacientes. VdP fue estimada por 1/Crplvs edad. Consideramos edades de Crpl 2 y 6 mg/dl como comienzo de progresión (E2) y arribo a insuficienciarenal crónica terminal (E6), respectivamente. Los polimorfismos se estudiaron por PCR-RFLP. El grupo en sutotalidad presentó VdP (ml/min/año) de 6.9±0.5, E2 y E6 de 48.9±1.3 y 55.0±1.4 años y tensión arterial media(TAM) de 111.2±1.2 mmHg. Según E6 observamos dos grupos (≤ y > a 55 años). En ≤ 55 (fenotipo PKD1,n=42), E2 y E6 del genotipo CC de AT1A1166C fueron 36.0±1.2 y 41.4±0.9 años vs. AA-AC (42.8±1.0 y 47.5±0.8, p < 0.001). E2 y E6 del genotipo ecNOS298Asp/Asp fueron 34.8±1.5 y 41.1±0.6 años vs. Glu/Glu-Glu/Asp (42.4±0.9 y 47.1±0.8, p < 0.02). En el genotipo AGT235TT, la VdP fue 12.4±2.2 ml/min/año vs. MM-MT (7.9±0.7, p < 0.03). Esta diferencia también se observó cuando analizamos todos los pacientes PQRAD (TT: 11.02±1.5 vs. MM-MT: 6.44±0.5 ml/min/año, p < 0.003). Los genotipos AT1 1166CC y ecNOS 298Asp/Asp anticipan E2 y E6 mientras que AGT235TT duplica VdP, sugiriendo la participación del sistema renina angiotensina y NO sintasaendotelial en la progresión de la PQRAD.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Humans , Mice , Middle Aged , Angiotensinogen/genetics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics , Polymorphism, Genetic , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/genetics , Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics , Disease Progression , Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Genotype , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III , Nitric Oxide/genetics , Phenotype , Regression Analysis , Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/pathologyABSTRACT
Les registres des cancers constituent de plus en plus une source majeure d'information sur le profil de cette maladie dans une localite donnee. Ici a ete appliquee la technique; qui est d'ailleurs clairement expliquee; de recolte des informations pour editer le registre des cancers de Serif en Algerie. Les auteurs ont principalement insiste sur l'incidence et la survie. Chez l'homme le taux le plus eleve concerne les cancers bronchopulmonaires (18;3) et chez les femmes les cancers du sein avec 18;8
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/epidemiology , SurvivalSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Abdomen, Acute/surgery , Aged , Comparative Study , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se revisaron 212 protocolos de pacientes con neoplasias y se hallaron 15 casos de síndromes mieloproliferativos. De éstos, se describen dos pacientes que presentaron una colangenopatía mieloproliferativos. De éstos, se describen dos pacients que ptresentaron una colangenopatía asociada, hecho inusual y poco descripto en la literatura. El caso 1 corresponde a un hombre que presenta una artitis reumatoide clásica de 2 años de evolución con esplenomegalia, factor reumatoide, células LE y FAN positivos e hipocomplementemia. Diagnóstico por biopsia: polictemia vera y mielofibrosis. El caso 2 es una mujer de 36 años, que desde hace 4 años presenta severo fenómeno de Raynaud, esplenomegalia y diagnóstico por biopsia de mielofibrosis. Durante la evolución se fueron constatando elementos de diagnsotico que llegaron a configurar una esclerosis sistémica progresiva e hipertensión pulmonar. Además, presentó factor reumatoide y anti-ADN positivos e hipocomplementemia. Las anormalidades hematológicas son comunes en las colagenopatías y pacientes que presentan mielofibrosis tienen una mayor incidencia de autoanticuerpos, complejos inmunes circulantes e hipocomplementemia. Sin embargo, no es frecuente la asociación de mielofibrosis con colagenopatías
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Collagen Diseases/complications , Myeloproliferative Disorders/complications , Primary Myelofibrosis/complications , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam dois casos de schwannoma cutis cujo diagnostico foi realizado pelo exame histopatologico.Fazem um breve resumo bibliografico e algumas rapidas consideracoes gerais sobre a referida afeccao